“I don’t think there’s enough evidence yet to say one type is better than another,” says Michelle Drerup, a sleep psychologist at the Cleveland Clinic. “A more definitive study would be quite expensive and nobody has been willing to fund one,” Grandner says. While companies that produce and market these noise machines-whether they make pink noise, brown noise, white noise, or other sounds-make a big deal of these sorts of findings, experts say all of this research is preliminary. There’s not much sleep research on brown noise, but Grandner says this is the one he prefers himself. Also, a 2017 study from Northwestern University found “sleep-dependent memory” scores improved among older adults after they slept with pink noise humming in their ears.
White noise falls somewhere in between, he says.Ī 2012 study in the Journal of Theoretical Biology found people enjoyed more stable, high-quality sleep when exposed to pink noise, as opposed to silence. Grandner describes pink noise as a hiss while brown noise is more of a shush. While white noise is composed of a more or less equal mix of low-, medium-, and high-frequency sounds, pink noise and brown noise emphasize low-frequency tones to a greater degree. There’s also so-called “pink noise” and “brown noise,” which can sound similar to white noise, but have different underlying acoustical properties. Their analysis of the sleepers’ brain waves found that those who slept with the white noise machine were hardly disturbed by the hospital sounds, while sleep arousals were frequent among those who slept without white noise.
For a small 2005 study in the journal Sleep Medicine, researchers exposed sleepers to recorded hospital sounds either with or without a white noise machine. Research supports the idea that a little background sound can help people tune out sleep-disrupting creaks or clatter.
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